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Semaglutide

Semaglutide dosing, mechanism of action, side effects, and weight loss efficacy. Includes Ozempic and Wegovy clinical data.

MetabolicSubcutaneous injection (Ozempic, Wegovy) or oral (Rybelsus)0.25-2.4mg weekly (titrated)

Overview

Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist with FDA approval for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic, Rybelsus) and chronic weight management (Wegovy).

Mechanism of Action

  • GLP-1 receptor agonism — Mimics the incretin hormone GLP-1
  • Insulin secretion — Glucose-dependent insulin release
  • Glucagon suppression — Reduces hepatic glucose output
  • Gastric emptying — Slows gastric motility, increasing satiety
  • Appetite regulation — Acts on hypothalamic appetite centers

Dosing Protocols (Weight Management)

| Week | Dose | Frequency | |------|------|-----------| | 1-4 | 0.25mg | Once weekly | | 5-8 | 0.5mg | Once weekly | | 9-12 | 1mg | Once weekly | | 13-16 | 1.7mg | Once weekly | | 17+ | 2.4mg | Once weekly (maintenance) |

Safety Profile

FDA-approved with extensive clinical data. Common side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation. Contraindicated in personal/family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN2.

Last updated: 2026-03-27