Overview

Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist with FDA approval for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic, Rybelsus) and chronic weight management (Wegovy).

Mechanism of Action

GLP-1 receptor agonism — Mimics the incretin hormone GLP-1
Insulin secretion — Glucose-dependent insulin release
Glucagon suppression — Reduces hepatic glucose output
Gastric emptying — Slows gastric motility, increasing satiety
Appetite regulation — Acts on hypothalamic appetite centers

Dosing Protocols (Weight Management)

| Week | Dose | Frequency | |------|------|-----------| | 1-4 | 0.25mg | Once weekly | | 5-8 | 0.5mg | Once weekly | | 9-12 | 1mg | Once weekly | | 13-16 | 1.7mg | Once weekly | | 17+ | 2.4mg | Once weekly (maintenance) |

Safety Profile

FDA-approved with extensive clinical data. Common side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation. Contraindicated in personal/family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN2.