Overview

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA. It plays key roles in metabolic regulation and has been studied for exercise-mimetic and anti-aging effects.

Mechanism of Action

AMPK activation — Activates AMP-activated protein kinase, enhancing cellular energy metabolism
Insulin sensitivity — Improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscle
Exercise mimicry — Produces metabolic effects similar to physical exercise
Folate cycle regulation — Modulates AICAR levels and purine biosynthesis

Dosing Protocols

| Protocol | Dose | Frequency | Duration | |----------|------|-----------|----------| | Standard | 5mg | 3x weekly | Ongoing | | Loading | 10mg | Daily (1 week) | 1 week |

Safety Profile

Preclinical data shows favorable safety. Human clinical data is limited.